Final Answer:
Thrift, industriousness, and respect for elders/ancestors are valued in cultures with a long-term orientation, thus the correct option is a.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term orientation is a cultural dimension that places a strong emphasis on thrift, industriousness, and respect for elders and ancestors. This is because long-term orientation is about maintaining traditions and values, and respect for elders and ancestors is seen as an important part of that. Thrift and industriousness are important because they are seen as ways to ensure that a culture’s traditional values will be passed on to future generations. For example, in countries with a long-term orientation, parents may teach their children to save money and be frugal to ensure that they will have the resources they need to pass on their culture’s traditions and values.
In contrast, cultures with a short-term orientation may not prioritize thrift and industriousness as much as those with a long-term orientation. They may be more focused on achieving immediate goals and may not place as much importance on maintaining traditions and values. Similarly, cultures with a high power distance may have less emphasis on thrift and industriousness, as those with a high power distance may be more focused on the hierarchy and power dynamics within their society rather than on passing on a culture’s values to future generations.
Finally, thrift and industriousness may be less emphasized in cultures with a high masculinity score, as masculine cultures may place more importance on achieving immediate goals than on long-term planning.