Final answer:
The afferent and efferent nerves for peristalsis from food in the stomach are both the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X), which sends sensory information to the brain and motor instructions back to the stomach for digestion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The afferent and efferent nerves involved in peristalsis from food in the stomach are components of the autonomic nervous system. The afferent nerves are responsible for sensing the environment and the state of the body, and efferent nerves carry motor signals away from the central nervous system to effect changes. For the controls of gastrointestinal motility, particularly peristalsis in the stomach, the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) plays a pivotal role. As an afferent nerve, it sends signals from the stomach to the brain regarding the state of distension and needs for digestion. As an efferent nerve, the vagus nerve sends signals from the brain to the stomach to control the movements of the muscles and manage digestion and motility.
The correct answer to the question is thus: A. Afferent: Vagus nerve (CN X); Efferent: Vagus nerve (CN X). The only possible match for both afferent and efferent functions related to stomach peristalsis from the provided options is the vagus nerve, which has both afferent and efferent fibers concerning the gastrointestinal tract. The facial nerve (CN VII) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) primarily deal with taste and the trigeminal nerve (CN V) with facial sensations, which do not have direct roles in controlling peristalsis of the stomach.