Final answer:
Cushing's syndrome is caused primarily by a pituitary tumor leading to excessive production of cortisol. Symptoms range from obesity and diabetes to depression and distinctive physical changes. Treatments vary but can include surgery, radiation, or medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cause of Cushing's syndrome is often a pituitary tumor that leads to excess production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn stimulates overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Symptoms include obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), excessive body hair, osteoporosis, depression, stretch marks, thinning skin, a "moon face", and a fat pad between the shoulders known as a buffalo hump. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause but can include surgery, radiation therapy, and medication to regulate cortisol levels.