Final answer:
Almost all cervical cancers are caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), with over 90% of cases attributed to it. Other risk factors include smoking and a weakened immune system, but the HPV infection is the primary cause. Prevention is crucial and includes vaccination against HPV, regular Pap smears, and safe sex practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
Causes of Cervical Cancer
The primary cause of cervical cancer is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 90 percent of cervical cancer cases are attributed at least partially to this sexually transmitted virus. HPV enters the body cells and uses its genetic material to hijack the cell's normal functions, causing abnormal cell growth and tumor formation. While there are over 100 strains of HPV, only some are associated with cervical cancer, particularly strains 16 and 18.
Additional Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer
Besides HPV infection, other risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing cervical cancer. These include smoking, having a compromised immune system, long-term use of birth control pills, early onset of sexual activity, and having multiple sexual partners. Smoking, in particular, can double the risk of cervical cancer in individuals already infected with HPV.
Preventative measures, such as the HPV vaccine, routine Pap smears, and practicing safe sex, are highly effective in reducing the risk of cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine can significantly decrease the chances of cervical HPV infection, and regular Pap smears are essential for early detection and treatment, which have led to a substantial decline in cervical cancer mortality where they are regularly performed.