Final answer:
Hydrocephalus is primarily caused by a blockage preventing the proper drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), leading to an accumulation of fluid in the brain. Treatment usually involves the insertion of a shunt to alleviate the pressure by redirecting CSF flow.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hydrocephalus is caused by d. Blockage of the drainage of CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid). CSF is constantly produced in the brain's ventricles, and in a healthy system, it circulates and is absorbed by the bloodstream. However, when the normal flow or absorption of CSF is disrupted, typically due to a blockage preventing it from draining properly, this can lead to an accumulation of fluid. This excess fluid causes the swelling condition known as hydrocephalus, which can result in increased intracranial pressure, seizures, cognitive problems, and potentially death if not promptly treated.
Treatment for hydrocephalus often involves the surgical insertion of a shunt, which diverts the excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body where it can be absorbed. A shunt usually includes a catheter and a one-way valve, precisely set to drain the CSF at a rate that balances with its production to avoid complications such as overdraining or underdraining.