Final answer:
Patients with renal or hepatic failure require increased monitoring, addressing fluid and electrolyte imbalances, blood pressure, and renal function due to the potential complications, including hepatorenal syndrome in liver failure patients.
Step-by-step explanation:
In patients with renal failure or hepatic failure, there are several monitoring considerations. Renal failure is often associated with an elevated serum creatinine level, indicating a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. This necessitates increased monitoring due to potential complications such as abnormal fluid and electrolyte levels, acid-base disturbances, and the risk of anemia and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, in the context of hepatic failure, there is a risk of hepatorenal syndrome, where renal perfusion is adversely affected. Consequently, careful monitoring is critical. This includes assessing fluid balance, electrolytes (potassium, calcium, phosphate), and blood pressure.
For patients with hepatic failure, monitoring is equally important because of the potential development of hepatorenal syndrome. This syndrome can lead to worsening renal function and requires vigilant observation of renal parameters.
Pertinent monitoring issues related to these conditions may include maintaining proper fluid volume status, managing changes in blood pressure, and monitoring renal function with serum creatinine levels. Both conditions can also be associated with vascular problems and infection risks, further highlighting the need for comprehensive monitoring.