Final answer:
The term 'Amplification/Augmentation' refers to ways in which technology advancements enhance human capabilities and societal functions, involving a combination of invention and innovation. Research and development are critical to this process, despite being fraught with challenges due to the unpredictable nature of technological progress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'Amplification/Augmentation' pertaining to technology as defined by Grant refers to the ways in which technological advancements increase or enhance human capabilities and societal functions. It encompasses the idea that technology is not simply about the tools and devices themselves, but rather about the enhancements they provide to quality of life and productivity. As technology evolves, so does its impact on society, leading to beneficial outcomes such as increased life expectancy and agricultural productivity, as well as negative effects like job displacement and environmental changes.
Research and development (R & D) plays a pivotal role in driving technological change, which is a mix of invention (advances in knowledge) and innovation (implementing that knowledge to improve products and processes). However, R & D activities are marked by uncertainty and complexity, making investments in technology innovation a challenging endeavor. For example, the development of a new apple variety can span decades before it hits the market.
In summary, technological change is an intricate blend of invention and innovation, resulting in a multitude of effects on society, economy, and culture. Technology's deep integration into all aspects of life emphasizes the significance of its continual evolution and the efforts required for such progress.