Final answer:
The common test for ulnar nerve injury at the elbow and wrist is Tinel's sign, which involves tapping over the nerve to elicit a 'pins and needles' sensation.
Step-by-step explanation:
A common test for ulnar nerve injury at the elbow and wrist is Tinel's sign (Option A). To perform this test, a doctor lightly taps over the nerve to elicit a tingling sensation or a 'pins and needles' feeling in the distribution of the nerve. This test is used to assess for possible nerve entrapment or injury. Options B, C, and D describe other tests: Phalen's test is used for carpal tunnel syndrome, Straight leg raise is for lumbar nerve root irritation, and the Romberg test assesses balance and proprioception. Tinel's sign is specifically relevant for ulnar nerve issues at the elbow, often due to conditions such as cubital tunnel syndrome.