Final answer:
Pathologic immune reactions that cause damage to the body are known as hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to harmless foreign substances or self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and inflammation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Injurious immune reactions that cause damage to the body are known as pathologic immune reactions, or hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to harmless foreign substances or self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Examples of hypersensitivity reactions include allergies, in which the immune system reacts to harmless substances like pollen or dust, and autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.