Final answer:
In air conditioning systems, static pressure is responsible for overcoming the resistance of components like ducts and filters, by exerting force perpendicular to any surface it encounters.
Step-by-step explanation:
In an air conditioning system, the type of pressure responsible for overcoming the resistance of various components such as ducts and filters is known as static pressure. Static pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a fluid in an enclosed space and differs from velocity or dynamic pressure, which relates to the moving fluid's kinetic energy. An increase in static pressure is necessary to ensure that air flows through the resistance presented by the HVAC system components.
It is essential to understand that pressure in fluids, such as air in duct systems, is a scalar quantity exerting forces perpendicular to any surface it encounters. Therefore, the ability of the HVAC system to push air throughout the ductwork and overcome the resistance of components relies on sufficient static pressure.