Final answer:
The mechanism of action of GLP-1 agonists is the stimulation of GLP-1 receptors, leading to enhanced insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon release, slowed gastric emptying, and protection of pancreatic beta-cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanism of action of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists involves the stimulation of GLP-1 receptors. These agonists are designed to mimic the action of GLP-1, a hormone naturally secreted from the intestinal L cells after eating. GLP-1 has several important effects on glucose metabolism and the regulation of blood sugar levels. Firstly, it promotes insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, thus avoiding the risks of hypoglycemia. Secondly, it inhibits inappropriate post-meal glucagon secretion, helping to prevent a rapid increase in blood sugar levels. Furthermore, GLP-1 slows gastric emptying, leading to a feeling of fullness and potentially contributing to weight loss. Finally, they have the potential to protect beta-cells in the pancreas, potentially improving their function over time.
Considering the options provided in the question, the correct answer is d. GLP-1 receptor agonism.
GLP-1 agonists are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes as they help in maintaining blood glucose levels and can contribute to weight loss, which can be beneficial for many patients with type 2 diabetes. Overall, the agonistic effect of these medications on the GLP-1 receptor translates to better glycemic control in patients.