Final answer:
For pterygium, the primary action is to refer to an optometrist for the evaluation of treatment options, including observation, use of steroid eye drops, or surgical removal. In correcting myopia, the cornea's curvature should be decreased, while for hyperopia, it should be increased.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pterygium is an abnormal wedge-shaped growth on the bulbar conjunctiva. The recommended action for this condition is to refer to an optometrist or ophthalmologist who can evaluate the severity of the condition and recommend treatment. The treatment options may include observation (doing nothing), if the pterygium is not affecting vision or causing discomfort, or, in more severe cases, surgical removal. Use of steroid eye drops may be suggested to reduce inflammation. Over-the-counter eye ointments might provide temporary relief but are not a solution for the growth. If surgery is deemed necessary, a procedure called pterygium excision could be performed. However, precise treatment should always be determined by a healthcare professional.
Regarding the reshaping of the cornea to correct myopia, the curvature should be made smaller to flatten the cornea. This helps to ensure that light entering the eye focuses directly on the retina rather than in front of it. The LASIK surgery method involves removing layers of corneal tissue to achieve the desired reshaping. For hyperopia, or farsightedness, the cornea's curvature needs to be increased to help focus light more directly onto the retina.