Final answer:
Non-compliance to a lawful request using verbal defiance is defined as passive resistance, which is a nonviolent, non-cooperative opposition to policies or directives. Civil disobedience falls under passive resistance and involves accepting legal consequences for breaking laws based on moral grounds.
Step-by-step explanation:
Non-compliance to a lawful request or direction using verbal defiance would be defined as A. Passive resistance. This term is characterized by actions or attitudes that oppose a law, policy, or directive in a nonviolent and non-cooperative manner. Unlike combative responses, which entail physical opposition, passive resistance often involves a strategic, deliberate choice to not comply with certain demands as an expression of protest or dissent.
Civil disobedience is a form of passive resistance where individuals deliberately and openly break laws, which they consider unjust, in a non-violent manner. It is important to recognize that civil disobedience is fuelled by moral conscience and typically involves accepting the consequences of one's actions. An example of civil disobedience would be the acts of Rosa Parks during the Civil Rights Movement, where she refused to give up her bus seat, breaking segregation laws as a form of protest.