Final answer:
Dietary modifications for the oliguric phase of acute renal failure include proper hydration, low protein intake, restriction of oxalate-rich foods, and limiting sodium, saturated fats, and sugars. Adequate dietary calcium is vital, and monitoring urine osmolality can help manage kidney function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The oliguric phase of acute renal failure (ARF) requires specific dietary modifications to lessen the burden on the kidneys. Patients are advised to drink sufficient water to produce 2 to 2.5 liters of urine per day. A diet low in protein can help reduce nitrogen and sodium intake, which is beneficial since the kidneys' filtering capabilities are compromised. Additionally, it is recommended to restrict oxalate-rich foods such as chocolate, nuts, soybeans, rhubarb, and spinach to prevent additional kidney stress, while ensuring an adequate intake of dietary calcium. Patients should also limit their intake of foods with high sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars. Monitoring urine osmolality is important, as a normal kidney can adjust urine concentration in response to fluid intake changes, unlike kidneys affected by ARF.