Final answer:
Memory consolidation is primarily associated with the hippocampus and adjacent medial temporal lobe structures, as well as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brain regions associated with memory consolidation include the hippocampus and adjacent structures in the medial temporal lobe, as well as areas involved in emotional processing such as the amygdala. The hippocampus is crucial for transferring new learning into long-term memory, particularly for declarative and episodic memories, as well as recognition memory. It also projects information to cortical regions that give memories meaning and connect them with other memories. The amygdala, on the other hand, facilitates deeper encoding of memories when the event is emotionally arousing. Moreover, the prefrontal cortex is involved in short-term memory and plays a role in memory consolidation.