Final answer:
Johanna is demonstrating modeling or observational learning by imitating her older sister Abigail in applying makeup. This reflects the influence of social behavior and historical beauty practices being passed down and learned through observation and imitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Johanna is demonstrating a learning behavior known as modeling or observational learning. This occurs when an individual, in this case Johanna, learns or adopts behaviors by observing and imitating others. Abigail, being the older sister, serves as a role model for Johanna. When Johanna watches Abigail applying makeup and later replicates this action, she is exhibiting the basic concept of modeling which is an important aspect of social learning theory. Cosmetics have been an integral part of human culture for thousands of years, as depicted in ancient Egyptian and Sumerian practices, and they continue to influence social behaviors and personal grooming habits today.
History shows that the use of cosmetics to enhance appearance has persisted across cultures and centuries. Johanna and Abigail's engagement in this tradition reflects not only a common social activity among siblings but also the broader historical relevance of beauty practices. Observational learning, such as Johanna observing and mimicking Abigail, is a powerful means of transmitting culture, skills, and knowledge, including makeup application. It is a fundamental way in which individuals, especially children and teenagers, learn within a social context.