Question

The accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within cells often leads to:

a) Enhanced cellular energy production
b) Improved cellular signaling pathways
c) Endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular dysfunction
d) Increased cellular division rates

ER stress primarily arises when:

a) Protein synthesis is accelerated in the endoplasmic reticulum
b) Proteins are perfectly folded in the endoplasmic reticulum
c) Protein folding becomes disrupted or overwhelmed in the endoplasmic reticulum
d) There is a surplus of chaperone proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

The accumulation of misfolded proteins within cells leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular dysfunction, a primary cause of ER stress being the disruption or overwhelming of protein folding in the ER.

Step-by-step explanation:

The accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within cells leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cellular dysfunction, not enhanced energy production or improved signaling pathways. This accumulation can interfere with cellular functions and is associated with various proteopathic diseases such as Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. ER stress primarily arises when the protein folding process in the endoplasmic reticulum is disrupted or overwhelmed, not when protein synthesis is accelerated or when proteins are perfectly folded.