Final answer:
d) underweight
Women with gestational diabetes often give birth to large infants, owing to increased glucose passing to the fetus, causing the baby's pancreas to produce extra insulin and promote growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Women who have gestational diabetes tend to deliver infants who are large for gestational age. This condition arises because extra glucose in the mother's bloodstream crosses the placenta, which leads to the baby's pancreas making extra insulin. This can cause the baby to grow larger than normal, particularly in the upper body. Birth weight is an important indicator of an infant's health. While low birth weight can be associated with undernutrition and intrauterine growth restriction, excessive birth weight, often resulting from gestational diabetes, increases the risk of childhood obesity and developing diabetes later in life.