Final answer:
During pregnancy, a mother's insulin requirements generally rise due to hormonal changes that affect insulin sensitivity. Insulin helps control blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose sequestration from the blood after meals, and disruptions like Type 1 diabetes can lead to hyperglycemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question regarding the mother's insulin requirements lacks context, assuming it pertains to pregnancy, insulin requirements generally rise due to hormonal changes that affect insulin sensitivity. Blood glucose levels are regulated by both insulin and glucagon. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels to sequester glucose from the blood, as indicated in option d. When a person consumes a meal, especially one that is high in glucose, insulin injections help to reduce blood glucose levels by facilitating the transport and storage of glucose, as suggested by both options d and b. In cases where the pancreas cannot produce insulin, such as in Type 1 diabetes, or produces too much glucagon due to a pancreatic tumor, homeostasis is disrupted, which can lead to hyperglycemia as outlined in options d (regarding Type 1 diabetes) and b (regarding pancreatic tumors). In conclusion, especially during pregnancy, a mother's insulin requirements typically rise to maintain proper glucose levels, and consistent monitoring is essential for maintaining her health and the health of the developing fetus.