Final answer:
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle when the cell is performing normal functions and preparing to divide, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is carrying out normal functions and getting ready to divide is called interphase. This phase is subdivided into three stages: the first growth phase or G1 phase (gap 1 phase), the synthesis phase or S phase (synthesis phase), and the second growth phase or G2 phase. During the G1 phase, the cell grows and carries out all of its normal metabolic functions. This phase includes accumulating the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and sufficient energy reserves. The cell then enters the S phase, wherein it replicates its DNA, ensuring each new cell will have an identical set of genetic material. Following the S phase, the cell enters the G2 phase where proteins are synthesized that will assist in cell division. Once these phases are completed, the cell is ready to enter the mitotic phase, which consists of mitosis and cytokinesis leading to the formation of two daughter cells.