Final answer:
The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, supporting the central axis of the body, while the appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and the girdle bones, enabling movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Distinction Between Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton are two major components of the human skeletal system, each with distinct characteristics and components. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and is composed of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The primary function of the axial skeleton is to support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.
On the other hand, the appendicular skeleton includes all of the limb bones, which comprises the upper and lower limbs, as well as the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton. The pectoral girdle, which anchors the upper limb to the thoracic cage of the axial skeleton, consists of the clavicle and scapula. Meanwhile, the pelvic girdle connects the lower limb to the vertebral column. Together, the appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and interaction with the environment.