Final answer:
Edvard Munch is credited with beginning the Expressionism art movement, characterized by conveying emotional experiences and using bold colors and exaggerated forms. Option 2 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Edvard Munch is credited with beginning the Expressionism art movement. Expressionism, which was most prominent from about 1905 to 1930, focused on conveying emotional experience rather than representations of the external world.
This was a shift from the approach of the Impressionists, and it emphasized the expression of inner feelings using bold colors, exaggerated forms, and loose brushwork.
Munch, known primarily for his iconic work 'The Scream', explored themes of life, love, fear, death, and melancholy. His use of vivid colors and semi-abstract technique were cornerstones for the development of Expressionism, especially in Germany and Austria, and contrasted sharpely with the Impressionist emphasis on capturing the fleeting effects of light and color.