Final answer:
The scientific name of the Northern Ravine Salamander is Plethodon electromorphus, and these amphibians have unique characteristics and habitats, with some species facing environmental threats.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientific name of the Northern Ravine Salamander is Plethodon electromorphus. Among the given options, number 1) Plethodon electromorphus is correct. Salamanders, including the mentioned Northern Ravine Salamander, are fascinating amphibians with various characteristics that distinguish them.
Salamanders have slender bodies, short legs, long tails, and moist skin, as seen in species like the marbled salamander. They can live in a variety of environments, ranging from temperate forests to tropical regions. Most salamanders breathe through their skin in a process called cutaneous respiration, although some have lungs, and others, like the siren, have both gills and lungs.
Regarding the conservation status of some salamander species, giant salamanders such as Andrias japonicus have become threatened with extinction due to habitat loss and pollution. Dams have further affected these giant salamanders by altering their natural riverine habitats, which impacts their breeding and feeding grounds. The habitat of the giant salamander, which typically requires clean, flowing water, differs significantly from the habitat of the spotted salamander, which can be found in hardwood forest areas and breeds in vernal pools.