Final answer:
De jure segregation is segregation enforced by law, epitomized by the Jim Crow laws in the U.S., which were overturned by the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954.
Step-by-step explanation:
Segregation permitted or required by law is known as de jure segregation. This form of segregation was institutionalized through legislation and ordinances which mandated the separation of racial groups, influencing all aspects of public life, including schools, transportation, and housing.
The most notorious examples in the United States were the Jim Crow laws enacted after the Civil War and upheld by the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision, declaring that separate facilities for Black and White people were constitutional if they were "equal." It wasn't until the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954 that the Supreme Court recognized "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," leading to the dismantling of de jure segregation across the United States.