Question

As you likely know, the United States won the 2019 FIFA World Cup (also known as soccer, in the U.S.). Determine the appropriate level of measurement for each variable from the World Cup below:

a. Attendance at a game.
b. Number of goals scored by the two teams, together, during a game
c. Primary color of a team's jersey (or shirt) during a game.
d. Pre-World Cup ranking of each team.

Answer 1

The appropriate level of measurement for each variable in the World Cup is ratio for attendance and goals scored, nominal for primary color of jerseys, and ordinal for pre-World Cup ranking.

Step-by-step explanation:

a. Attendance at a game - The appropriate level of measurement for this variable is ratio. It can be measured using exact quantities and has a meaningful zero point. For example, if one game had an attendance of 10,000 and another had an attendance of 20,000, we can say that the second game had twice as many attendees.

b. Number of goals scored by the two teams, together, during a game - The appropriate level of measurement for this variable is ratio. It can be measured using exact quantities and has a meaningful zero point. For example, if one game had a total of 3 goals and another had a total of 5 goals, we can say that the second game had two more goals.

c. Primary color of a team's jersey during a game - The appropriate level of measurement for this variable is nominal. It represents categories and does not have a numerical value or order. For example, the primary colors of team jerseys could be red, blue, or green.

d. Pre-World Cup ranking of each team - The appropriate level of measurement for this variable is ordinal. It represents ordered categories, where the order matters but the differences between the categories may not be equal. For example, the pre-World Cup rankings could be 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.