Final answer:
The correct answer is option 1. Fidel Castro was the Communist leader who led the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and transformed Cuba into a Communist state, ruling until 2008.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Communist leader of Cuba who led a successful revolution in 1959 and subsequently declared Cuba as a Communist state was Fidel Castro. The Cuban Revolution, led by Castro, overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista in the winter of 1958 to 1959.
This historical event involved key figures such as Fidel's brother, Raúl Castro, and well-known revolutionary Che Guevara, but it was Fidel Castro who became the face of the revolution and Cuba's leader. Initially celebrated for his promises to improve worker conditions and restore democracy, Castro's rule evolved into a repressive Communist regime that suppressed dissent and rejected free elections, maintaining power until 2008.