Final answer:
The rock type composing a landscape shown in a photograph is likely either sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic, depending on the context. Examples from provided references suggest sedimentary rocks can be found in ancient, water-rich, sediment-laden areas, while igneous rocks like basalts may be indicative of volcanic origins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to the type of rock that composes a particular landscape shown in a photograph from an investigation. Given the provided references to various geographic formations and rock types, the likely composition of the landscape would be either sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic rocks. However, to provide a more specific answer, context from the photograph is crucial as the rock observed could be of volcanic origin (and therefore igneous) as indicated by descriptions of past landings on planetary bodies where basalts were found, or it could be sedimentary as suggested by the mentioning of the Garden of the Gods and ancient lake-beds in Gusev crater explored by the Spirit rover.
For instance, the Garden of the Gods in Colorado showcases ancient sedimentary beds that were once horizontal but have now been repositioned vertically due to tectonic forces. Furthermore, the Spirit rover was expected to find sedimentary rocks in what seemed like an ancient lake-bed, indicating that sedimentary rock formations might be common in ancient water-rich environments. In contrast, the Venera probes found igneous rocks, primarily basalts, suggesting that volcanic landscapes would be made up of igneous rocks.
The question suggests the study of rock types within a physical geography context, which is why the subject of this question is defined as Geography, and the level is High School due to the nature of the question which requires an understanding of basic geological processes and rock classifications.