Question

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Answer 1

1. - Equations (a), (b), and (d) are balanced.

- Equation (c) is unbalanced (the corrected balanced equation is provided).

- Equation (e) is balanced.

2. The bonds in methane (CH4) are **covalent** because hydrogen and carbon have **different** electronegativities. Carbon bonds with four hydrogen atoms because hydrogen has **1** valence electron, and carbon has **4** valence electrons. Therefore, carbon shares **1** valence electron with each of the four hydrogen atoms to satisfy the necessary **8** valence electrons for carbon and **2** for hydrogen to become **stable**.

1. Let's evaluate each chemical equation:

a.
`\(N_2 + H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3\)`

- This equation is balanced because the number of nitrogen (N) atoms and hydrogen (H) atoms are the same on both sides of the reaction arrow.

b.
`\(2C_2H_6 + 7O_2 \rightarrow 4CO_2 + 6H_2O\)`

- This equation is balanced. The number of carbon (C) atoms, hydrogen (H) atoms, and oxygen (O) atoms are the same on both sides.

c.
`\(4ZnS + 6O_2 \rightarrow 4ZnO + 4SO_2\)`

- This equation is unbalanced. The number of sulfur (S) atoms is not the same on both sides. The balanced equation is
`\(4ZnS + 5O_2 \rightarrow 2ZnO + 4SO_2\).`

d.
`\(2Fe_2O_3 + 3C \rightarrow 4Fe + 3CO_2\)`

- This equation is balanced. The number of iron (Fe) atoms, carbon (C) atoms, and oxygen (O) atoms are the same on both sides.

e.
`\(C_3H_8 + 5O_2 \rightarrow 3CO_2 + 4H_2O\)`

- This equation is balanced. The number of carbon (C) atoms, hydrogen (H) atoms, and oxygen (O) atoms are the same on both sides.

2. Methane (CH4) forms **covalent bonds** because hydrogen and carbon have **different** electronegativities, leading to the sharing of electrons. Carbon, with **4** valence electrons, bonds with four hydrogen atoms, each having **1** valence electron. This sharing ensures that carbon attains a stable octet (8 valence electrons), while hydrogen achieves a duet (2 valence electrons). Carbon shares **1** valence electron with each hydrogen, forming a tetrahedral molecular geometry. This arrangement satisfies the necessary electron count—**8** valence electrons for carbon and **2** for hydrogen—resulting in a **stable** methane molecule. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, fostering stability through electron completion in the outer shells of the involved atoms, and this is essential for the formation of methane, a common hydrocarbon in Earth's atmosphere.