Final answer:
Localization is associated with host-based pay, where the expatriate's salary is adjusted to match the living standards and pay scales of the host country.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of expatriate pay system associated with localization is d. host-based pay. Localization, or the host-based pay approach, involves adjusting the expatriate's salary to match the standard of living and pay scales within the host country. Often, this system is adopted when an employee is on a long-term assignment or when it is expected that the individual will remain in the host country indefinitely. The aim is to provide a salary that allows the expatriate to live comfortably in the new environment, equivalent to their peers in the host country, while also potentially including additional benefits or adjustments for factors such as cost of living and currency fluctuations.