Final answer:
To reduce bending stress, one can increase the geometric parameter called the moment of inertia by either increasing the cross-sectional area, changing the shape of the cross section, or using a material with a higher elastic modulus.
Step-by-step explanation:
To reduce bending stress in an object such as a beam or a rod, you can alter the geometric parameter known as the moment of inertia. The moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to bending when subject to a load. In practical terms, this often involves increasing the cross-sectional area or changing the shape of the object's cross section to something more efficient for bending, like an I-beam profile which offers higher resistance to bending moments. You can also consider increasing the material's yield strength or redistributing material within the cross-sectional area while maintaining the same overall amount of material, which can also increase the moment of inertia without adding weight.
The moment of inertia is defined as the integral of the area times the square of the distance from a reference axis, increasing geometric parameters like cross-sectional dimensions of the object, switching to a shape with a higher 'section modulus', or using materials that offer greater elastic modulus values can lead to a reduction in bending stress. Hence, by choosing a suitable cross-sectional shape and material for the component subjected to bending, you can significantly reduce the stresses experienced.