Final answer:
To find the amino acid sequence, the given non-template strand of DNA must first be transcribed into mRNA, and then the mRNA sequence is translated using a codon chart to determine the peptide's amino acid sequence. The sequence begins with the N-terminus and ends with the C-terminus, and mutations in the DNA can alter the resulting protein's function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked what amino acid sequence will be encoded by a given non-template strand of bacterial DNA. To determine this, one must first identify the complementary mRNA sequence for the given DNA sequence, and then use a codon chart to translate the mRNA sequence into its corresponding amino acid sequence. The process involves transcription (converting DNA to mRNA) and translation (converting mRNA to a chain of amino acids). It's crucial to note that the mRNA is transcribed from the template strand, so the given non-template strand must be used to find the complementary bases that form the mRNA. Then, the mRNA codons are used to determine the sequence of amino acids.
For example, a DNA sequence 5'-ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3' (non-template strand) would first be converted to the mRNA sequence 5'-AUGGCCGGUUAUUAAGCA-3' through transcription. Thereafter, each three-nucleotide mRNA codon is translated into an amino acid using the genetic code chart. For instance, AUG codes for Methionine, GCC for Alanine, and so on. This will give the amino acid sequence of the peptide, starting from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.
A single nucleotide mutation could result in a change in a single codon, which could in turn change the amino acid sequence and potentially the function of the protein. This could be a silent mutation (no change in amino acid), a missense mutation (different amino acid), or a nonsense mutation (a premature stop codon).