Final answer:
Genetic engineering techniques include recombinant DNA techniques, CRISPR-Cas9, gene editing, and cloning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic engineering is the alteration of an organism's genotype using recombinant DNA technology to modify an organism's DNA to achieve desirable traits. The addition of foreign DNA in the form of recombinant DNA vectors generated by molecular cloning is the most common method of genetic engineering. The organism that receives the recombinant DNA is a genetically modified organism (GMO). If the foreign DNA comes from a different species, the host organism is transgenic. Some commonly used techniques in genetic engineering include: