Final answer:
Relational data is based on set theory, predicate logic, and the relational model, which are used to structure, query, and relate data in databases. Graphical analysis, consistent with algebraic techniques, can also uncover mathematical relationships and correlations between variables.
Step-by-step explanation:
Relational data is primarily based on three mathematical concepts: set theory, predicate logic, and the relational model. Set theory is fundamental in the structure of databases as it involves the grouping of items into sets, and these sets form the tables in a relational database. Predicate logic is used to formulate queries and define relationships between data sets, essentially determining which data points appear in the results of a query. Lastly, the relational model ties set theory and predicate logic into a coherent structure, which allows for data to be related to one another through shared attributes.
Understanding these mathematical concepts is crucial for professionals who seek to determine relationships between numeric variables, such as the correlation between exam grades. Identifying such relationships can be conducted through various methods including graphical analysis, which can be as reliable as algebraic techniques and can provide visual evidence for correlations and proposed mathematical relationships. Experiments and further analysis are conducted to verity these relationships and maintain dimensional consistency. This principle states that any mathematical equation relating physical quantities must always have the same unit or dimension on both sides of the equation.