Final answer:
The major biomolecules in question are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, each with unique functions in the body. They are formed through dehydration synthesis and broken down by hydrolysis reactions, with carbon playing a central role due to its covalent bonding characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the basic understanding of the components of the major biomolecules, which are essential to life and are built from smaller organic molecules. There are four major classes of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each class serves as an important cellular component and has a unique role in bodily functions. For example, carbohydrates, including monosaccharides like glucose, are vital energy sources for cells. Lipids such as triacylglycerols serve as long-term energy storage. Proteins, composed of amino acids, perform a variety of functions including catalyzing biochemical reactions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are responsible for genetic information storage and transfer.
Understanding the chemistry of these biomolecules involves recognizing the organic functional groups they contain, which can help predict their physical and chemical properties. Carbon's affinity for forming covalent bonds makes it a fundamental element in organic compounds. Dehydration synthesis or condensation reactions are essential in forming the covalent bonds between monomers, while hydrolysis reactions break down polymers into monomers, involving the consumption or production of water molecules respectively.
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