Final answer:
These Physics questions at the college level involve understanding and applying principles of motion, forces, electromagnetism, and induced currents to calculate quantities like cable tension and current in a system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The various excerpts provided all touch upon scenarios involving objects moving at a constant rate or undergoing a constant acceleration. These concepts fall under the subject of Physics, specifically related to motion, forces, and electromagnetism. In these excerpts, we are looking at situations like a cable being stretched at a constant velocity, an elevator accelerating either upwards or in a decelerating motion, and an expression for current in a system where a rod moves at constant speed within a magnetic field. This relates to physical principles such as Newton's laws of motion, the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, and electromotive force induced in a moving conductor within a magnetic field.
For example, determining the tension in a cable while a climber ascends with a constant speed or with an acceleration involves applying Newton's second law, which relates force, mass, and acceleration as F = ma. Similarly, deriving an expression for the current in an electrical system tied to motion requires an understanding of Faraday's Law of Induction and Ohm's Law, where current I is the voltage V divided by the resistance R, and voltage in this context stems from the motion of a conductor in a magnetic field.