Final answer:
Whether leaders should include or exclude outliers depends on the context and potential for both positive and negative impacts. In both animal and human societies, leadership dynamics are complex and decisions about inclusion can have wide-ranging consequences. The balance between following public opinion and making strategic decisions is a challenge for leaders.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leadership strategies vary widely depending on the context, and whether to include or exclude outliers can have significant consequences. In the context of gorilla behavior, for example, gorillas generally acknowledge each other's presence and interact with respect to the hierarchy within their family group, with the silverback gorilla typically being the leader. In human societal structures, whether it's a business, community, or political realm, the inclusion of outliers can bring new perspectives and innovation but may also come with challenges.
Regarding the influence of small groups, it must be carefully assessed, considering both the positive and negative impacts they may have. Similarly, the role of unelected officials like those in the Federal Reserve (the Fed) is a point of debate, with some arguing for the stability they provide and others questioning democratic accountability. Lastly, in democratic societies, political leaders sometimes face the delicate balance of following public opinion and making decisions based on long-term interests, which may not always align.