Final Answer:
The output voltage vo for the given circuit is -2V.
Step-by-step explanation:
In this inverting op-amp configuration, the output voltage vo can be calculated using the formula vo = -Rf/Ri * Vin. Given that the input voltage Vin is 4V, the feedback resistor Rf is 8kΩ, and the input resistor Ri is 4kΩ, we can substitute these values into the formula to find vo. Therefore, vo = -8kΩ/4kΩ * 4V = -2V. This negative sign indicates that the output voltage is inverted with respect to the input voltage.
The negative sign in the output voltage indicates that the output signal is inverted with respect to the input signal. This is a characteristic of an inverting op-amp configuration, where the output voltage is phase-shifted by 180 degrees compared to the input voltage. The magnitude of the output voltage is determined by the ratio of the feedback resistor to the input resistor, as well as the magnitude of the input voltage.
The calculation shows that for the given circuit, the output voltage vo is -2V. This means that when a 4V input signal is applied, the op-amp will produce a -2V output signal due to its inverting nature. Understanding these calculations and characteristics of op-amp configurations is crucial for designing and analyzing electronic circuits.