Final answer:
The molecule butanone consists of a four-carbon chain (but-) with a ketone group (double-bonded oxygen) at the second carbon, giving it the suffix '-one.' Its structural formula would place a double-bonded oxygen on the second carbon, and enough hydrogen atoms to satisfy the four bonds each carbon needs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Structural Formula and Name of Butanone
To draw the structure of butanone, you would first line up four carbon atoms to represent butanone's backbone, since 'but-' indicates a four-carbon chain. Next, you would add a double-bonded oxygen to the second carbon to represent the ketone group ('-one' suffix). The final structure would have three hydrogen atoms bonded to the first and fourth carbons, and two hydrogen atoms bonded to the third carbon. Remember, the second carbon has two bonds occupied by the oxygen. The structure would somewhat resemble this:
C-C(=O)-C-C
where each C (carbon atom) must have four bonds in total, fulfilled either by hydrogen atoms or the double-bonded oxygen atom.
With the combination of a four-carbon backbone and a ketone functional group, you have butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone.