Final answer:
Personality refers to the long-term, stable behavior and characteristics that define an individual. The Five Factor Model, with dimensions like openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, is a widely accepted framework for understanding personality, which is shaped by both genetics and environmental factors. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option 1) Behavior and characteristics that define an individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question, Which of the following refers to personality? is asking you to identify the correct definition of personality from the given options. Personality refers to the behavior and characteristics that define an individual. This includes patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that make each person unique. Personality is a stable set of traits that influence our interactions with others and the world around us. Various approaches to studying personality include the Five Factor Model, which suggests that there are five major dimensions to personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Each of these dimensions lies on a continuum and together, they represent a person's overall personality. Furthermore, personality is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors, including the culture one lives in. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option 1) Behavior and characteristics that define an individual.