Final answer:
The enzyme stabilizes the transition state of the enzyme-substrate complex through the induced fit process, where the structure of the enzyme adjusts to better bind to the transition state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks what stabilizes the transition state for the normal enzyme-substrate complex. To answer this, it's important to understand what happens when an enzyme and a substrate interact. Enzymes, which are usually proteins, act as catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required. They have an active site where the substrate binds, and this binding can lead to the formation of an unstable, covalently joined enzyme-substrate complex.
During the reaction, both the enzyme and the substrate undergo dynamic changes, which induces the transition state of the substrate. It is the enzyme itself that stabilizes this transition state through a process known as induced fit. This means that upon contact with the substrate, the enzyme's structure slightly adjusts to better accommodate and bind to the transition state, thereby maximizing its ability to catalyze the reaction.
The stability provided by the enzyme helps to lower the energy required to reach the transition state, which is essential for a successful chemical reaction. Thus, the correct answer is Enzyme.