Final answer:
The mutation in the gene encoding the antibiotic uptake transporter would not result in antibiotic resistance, unlike mutations in the genes for the target protein, the efflux pump, or the inactivating enzymes, all of which can confer resistance through target alteration, increased efflux, or antibiotic degradation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mutation that would not result in antibiotic resistance is the mutation in the gene encoding the antibiotic uptake transporter. This is because such a mutation could potentially decrease the bacteria's ability to take up the antibiotic, rendering the antibiotic less effective at killing the bacterium due to reduced internal concentrations. In contrast, mutations in genes that encode the target protein, the efflux pump, or the inactivating enzyme can lead to antibiotic resistance by various mechanisms, including target modification, increased efflux of the antibiotic, or antibiotic degradation.
Explanation of Each Mutation
- Mutation in the gene encoding the antibiotic target protein: This can lead directly to resistance as the antibiotic no longer binds effectively to the altered target.
- Mutation in the gene encoding the antibiotic efflux pump: An increase in the activity or number of these pumps can remove antibiotics from the cell more efficiently.
- Mutation in the gene encoding the antibiotic-inactivating enzyme: If these enzymes become more effective at breaking down antibiotics, resistance can also increase.
- Mutation in the gene encoding the antibiotic uptake transporter: A less functioning uptake system could reduce antibiotic resistance by limiting antibiotic entry.