Final answer:
The Hospital standardization movement was initiated by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) in 1918 to elevate the quality and safety of hospital care, leading to the development of the Joint Commission. During the same period, the American Hospital Association influenced the creation of the Hill-Burton Act for hospital development, while the National Medical Association focused on Black hospitals' advancement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hospital standardization movement was inaugurated by the American College of Surgeons (ACS). This movement aimed to improve the safety and quality of care provided by hospitals. In 1918, the ACS established the Hospital Standardization Program, which sought to raise the standards of surgery and hospital services across the United States by introducing regularization and accreditation programs for hospitals. These initiatives eventually led to the creation of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (today known as The Joint Commission) in 1951 and laid the groundwork for modern hospital accreditation and standardization.
The movement was part of a broader push towards improving healthcare quality and access in the 20th century. A significant policy development during this era was the enactment of the Hospital Survey and Construction Act (Hill-Burton Act) in 1946, following recommendations by the American Hospital Association (AHA) and a speech by President Truman. The act provided federal funds to grow hospital services to meet a specific bed quota per resident. Additionally, the National Medical Association (NMA) founded the National Hospital Association in 1923 to enhance the professionalization and standards among Black hospitals, thereby preventing their closure and paving the way for medical advances in the Black community.