Final answer:
The characteristics listed (pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy) correctly describe Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect. It is often detected through auscultation and confirmed via echocardiography, and treatment typically involves surgical correction.
This statement is true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy are all characteristics of a congenital heart defect is true. These are the four main features of the Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), which is a type of congenital heart defect. Pulmonary stenosis, or more accurately, pulmonary infundibular stenosis, is the rigidity of the pulmonary valve that obstructs blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.A ventricular septal defect is an abnormal opening in the interventricular septum, allowing oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to mix with oxygen-rich blood in the left ventricle. An overriding aorta occurs when the aorta is positioned above the ventricular septal defect, thus receiving blood from both the right and left ventricles. Lastly, right ventricular hypertrophy is the enlargement of the right ventricle as it works harder to pump blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve.ToF is commonly detected through auscultation using a stethoscope, where unusual heart sounds may suggest the presence of septal defects. It may be confirmed by medical imaging, including echocardiography imaging.
The treatment for ToF involves extensive surgical repairs, but even with treatment, it carries a significant risk of mortality. Symptoms of this condition can include heart murmur, low blood oxygen saturation, dyspnea, polycythemia, clubbing of fingers and toes, and in children, difficulty feeding or failure to grow.