Final answer:
Abruptio placentae symptoms include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and contractions, while placenta previa is characterized by painless antepartum hemorrhage. Both are serious pregnancy complications that require medical attention and can cause significant risks during childbirth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conditions abruptio placentae (also known as placental abruption) and placenta previa are both potential complications in pregnancy related to the placenta's position and integrity. The symptoms of abruptio placentae include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and frequent contractions. The primary symptoms of placenta previa are painless, profuse antepartum hemorrhage, where the bleeding occurs after week 24 of pregnancy but prior to childbirth. The diagnosis of these conditions typically requires medical imaging, such as ultrasound, to confirm the placenta's position in relation to the cervix. In the case of abruptio placentae, the placenta detaches prematurely from the uterine wall, leading not only to bleeding but also to possible complications such as fetal distress, preterm labor, and, if severe, maternal shock. On the other hand, placenta previa is characterized by a low-lying placenta that may partially or completely cover the cervix, raising risks for both the mother and the fetus, especially during childbirth when the cervix dilates. Both conditions require careful medical management to ensure the safety of both mother and child.