Final answer:
The syndrome that typically occurs when the BUN is greater than 100 mg/dl is the Uremic syndrome (C). Uremic syndrome is associated with kidney dysfunction, leading to the dangerous buildup of urea and other waste products in the bloodstream.
Step-by-step explanation:
This syndrome typically occurs when the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is greater than 100 mg/dl is known as Uremic syndrome (C). The Uremic syndrome is a condition that can result from kidney disease or other conditions that affect kidney function. The kidneys' ability to filter blood is compromised, leading to an accumulation of urea and other waste products in the blood. This condition is potentially life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Pre-renal and renal factors can lead to an increase in BUN. Pre-renal causes relate to conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys and may include factors such as dehydration, heart failure, or liver disease. Renal causes are due to damage or disease within the kidneys themselves, such as glomerular damage in nephrotic syndrome, inflammation of the kidneys in pyelonephritis, or overall kidney failure. However, the clinical presentation of uremic syndrome is distinct as it typically occurs with a BUN greater than 100 mg/dl, and it is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, and in severe cases, pericarditis and encephalopathy.