Final answer:
Individuals can have both Medicare supplement coverage and Medicaid if they meet the eligibility requirements for both programs, which includes being over 65 or having a disability for Medicare, and having a low-income level as defined by Medicaid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rule on an individual obtaining both Medicare supplement coverage and Medicaid coverage is that it is possible under certain conditions. Medicare is a federal program providing healthcare services primarily to those over 65 and to certain disabled individuals, while Medicaid caters to people with very low incomes who meet other eligibility requirements. An individual can have both if they are over 65 or have a disability, according to Medicare rules, and simultaneously meet the income criteria set by Medicaid. This combination is often referred to as having 'dual eligibility.'
The National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius case highlighted complexities of the ACA, where Medicaid expansion was a significant point of debate. While Medicare expansion was seen as permissible, the decision made it clear that the federal government could not withhold all Medicare funding to compel states to expand Medicaid. Subsequently, Medicaid eligibility and coverage details can vary by state. Thus, individuals seeking both Medicare supplement and Medicaid must adhere to their respective state rules on healthcare coverage.