Final answer:
Insulin release causes potassium to move from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid, as potassium ions follow glucose into cells, which can be facilitated by the sodium-potassium pump.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you've asked relates to the movement of potassium ions (K+) between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF). The correct factor that causes potassium to move from the ECF to the ICF is insulin release. Insulin-dependent diabetic patients show a redistribution of potassium when insulin is administered because as glucose is taken into cells with the help of insulin, potassium also follows, thus decreasing the amount of potassium in the ECF. This shift of potassium into the cells can lead to hyperpolarization of neurons, making them less responsive to stimuli. Furthermore, the sodium-potassium pump is crucial in maintaining the high levels of potassium inside the cells, facilitated by the hydrolysis of ATP to promote this ion exchange.