Final answer:
Firstly, oxygen should be administered in the scenario described to ensure organ oxygenation. Type O negative blood is given without blood type determination due to its universal donor status. Treatments for shock include intravenous fluids and drugs to increase blood pressure, while controlled hypothermia is another emergency treatment strategy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The patient in the scenario provided is exhibiting signs consistent with hypovolemic shock, likely due to severe blood loss from the motor-vehicle accident. In this critical condition, the initial priority is to ensure adequate oxygenation of vital organs which is why administering oxygen at 100% per non-rebreather mask is the first action the nurse should undertake. Following this, inserting two 14-gauge IV catheters, placing the patient on a continuous cardiac monitor, and drawing blood for type and crossmatch are also important but secondary to immediate oxygenation.
In an emergency where there's no time to determine the patient's blood type, type O negative blood is transfused because it is considered the universal donor and is less likely to cause an adverse reaction in most patients. For patients arriving at the emergency department with dangerously low blood pressure, an increase in net filtration pressure in the capillaries can lead to tissue edema, although it is altered in this case as the patient's blood colloid osmotic pressure is normal.
Treatments for hypovolemic shock generally involve providing intravenous fluids, such as the isotonic saline solution, to restore the patient's circulatory volume and drugs to raise blood pressure. Controlled hypothermia is a technique used in some emergencies, like cardiac arrest, to reduce the workload of the heart by slowing down the metabolic rate of the body's organs.