Final answer:
Allopurinol is commonly prescribed for gout treatment by reducing uric acid production through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase.
Step-by-step explanation:
Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim) is commonly prescribed for the treatment of gout. Gout is a condition where uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints leading to inflammation and pain. Allopurinol is a structural analogue to hypoxanthine, which operates by competitively inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This inhibition decreases the production of uric acid, helping to manage and reduce the symptoms of gout. Too much uric acid can also lead to the formation of kidney stones, and dietary choices may need to be adjusted to avoid substances with purine-like compounds, such as xanthines found in tea, coffee, and chocolate for those with gout.