Final answer:
A patient with cataracts should understand that cataracts cause clouding of the lens in the eye, limiting light and possibly causing blindness. After cataract removal, an artificial lens may be used to restore vision, but reading glasses may still be needed. Protective measures like wearing plastic sunglasses can prevent further damage from UV exposure.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing cataracts with a patient, it is important to explain that cataracts are a clouding of the lens in the eye, reducing the ability of light to reach the retina, which can lead to diminished vision or blindness. Consuming vitamins A and C may help protect against the formation of cataracts. If a patient's lens is removed due to cataracts, they are often prescribed correction, such as an eyeglass lens with about 16 diopters (D), to assist in focusing light on the retina properly.
Laser eye surgery for conditions such as a retinal tear involves directing parallel rays of laser light into the relaxed eye to prevent distortion and ensure precise spot-welding. In cases of cataract surgery, where the clouded lens is replaced with an intraocular lens (IOL), the IOL is generally chosen to provide clear distant vision. However, the patient may still require glasses for reading or other close work, depending on their eye's ability to accommodate for varying distances.
As for protection, wearing plastic sunglasses can be more effective than glass ones in shielding eyes from harmful UV-B rays, which may contribute to cataract formation. It's crucial to convey not only the treatment options to patients but also preventive measures such as UV protection.